Pollen preparation techniques .

Pollen preparation techniques .


Preparation techniques presenSARANAPOKER.COM AGEN TEXAS POKER DAN DOMINO ONLINE INDONESIA TERPERCAYAted in this lecture focused on the sample derived from sediment , or for fossil pollen and spores . Stages of works is as follows :


a. Deflokulasi , use :
Ethanol or detergent solution : take a few days .
Sodium pyrophosphate : for deflokulasi clay .
Ultrasonic vibration .


b . Removal of sediment materials and organic materials , both chemically and physically :
Calcium carbonate : removed with 10 % HCl .
Humic acid ( organic soil colloids ) : eliminated with 10 % KOH or NaOH 10 % .
Coarse materials : sieving .
Silica materials : removed with HF 30-40 % by heating for a few minutes , or HF 10 % without heating , conducted over several days . Keep in mind that HF is very corrosive to the skin and material of glass / glass , so it must be done in a reak the tube metal ( nickel ) or plastic , and the remainder should be stored in a plastic bucket filled with calcium carbonate .
Cellulose : asetolisis or eliminated by the process of oxidation . Asetolisis use : concentrated sulfuric acid ( water -free ) , or by the method of Erdtman , whereas oxidation performed using KCLO3 and HNO3 and HCl or KCLO3 .
Insoluble particles are small : filtering .


c . staining :
1 ) For the preparation of the medium to be stored in glycerin or glycerin jelly :
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safranin
Basic fuchsin
2 ) To present pollen ( non- fossil ) : nigrosin dyes give very good results , but not good enough for fossil pollen .
3 ) For preparations that will be stored in a silicone oil medium : safranin gave better results than fuchsin .


d . mounting :
Two things need to be considered in determining the medium for mounting :
Vs. permanent . semi- permanent
Vs. liquid medium . solid medium


In the determination of this medium , should be chosen different refractive indices of refraction index pollen ( 1.55 to 1.60 ) . Glycerin has a refractive index of 1.4 , and both are used for semi- permanent preparations . The refractive index of silicone oil is lower than glycerin , and is used for permanent preparations .


2 . How observations of pollen preparations


a. Using a light microscope :
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The basic rule for observation with a light microscope is attempted to obtain the highest possible resolution power , with a maximum magnification of the objective lens and the magnification is small in len